Ohio

Ohio is a U.S. state in the Midwest, named after the Ohio River along its southern border. Its capital and largest city is Columbus.

Northwest Territory: A U.S. territory established in 1787 from lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. Ohio was carved from this territory before becoming a state.
Columbus, Ohio: Ohio’s capital and largest city, located near the center of the state. State government and many statewide institutions are based in Columbus.
Ohio and the Underground Railroad: A network of routes and safe houses that helped enslaved people escape to free states and Canada. Ohio’s position beside slave states made it a major passageway to freedom.
Manufacturing in Ohio: The production sector that has long shaped Ohio’s economy, including steel, machinery, vehicles, and chemicals. Industrial growth transformed the state’s cities and labor force.
Michigan: A U.S. state north of Ohio, divided into two peninsulas and bordered by four Great Lakes. The Toledo War and shared Lake Erie shoreline distinguish the neighbors’ history and geography.
Ohio Country: A historical region around the upper Ohio River contested by Indigenous nations and European empires. This contested region became the setting for Ohio’s colonial-era settlement.
Cleveland: A major Ohio city on the southern shore of Lake Erie. Cleveland anchors the state’s northeastern urban and industrial region.
Toledo War: A boundary dispute between Ohio and the Michigan Territory from 1835 to 1836. The dispute fixed Ohio’s northern boundary and secured its claim to Toledo.
Great Lakes shipping: Commercial transport of cargo across the Great Lakes and their connecting waterways. Lake Erie links Ohio industry to regional and international trade routes.
Indiana: A U.S. state west of Ohio, part of the Midwest and formerly within the Northwest Territory. The two neighboring states share a Midwestern setting but developed different industrial profiles.

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