Olympias

Olympias was a princess of Epirus, wife of Philip II of Macedon, and mother of Alexander the Great. A prominent figure in Macedonian court politics, she was executed in 316 BCE.

Alexander the Great: Alexander III of Macedon built an empire stretching from Greece to northwest India in the fourth century BCE. As her son, he was the central source of Olympias’s dynastic influence.
Epirus: Epirus was a region in northwestern Greece, home to several ancient Greek-speaking kingdoms. Olympias’s birth connected her to this neighboring kingdom and its royal dynasty.
Wars of the Diadochi: The Wars of the Diadochi were conflicts among Alexander the Great’s successors over his empire after 323 BCE. These wars created the shifting power struggle in which Olympias intervened.
Alexander the Great's birth: Alexander the Great was born in 356 BCE to Philip II of Macedon and Olympias. His birth established the dynastic bond at the center of Olympias’s public life.
Philip II of Macedon: Philip II was king of Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE and transformed it into a dominant Greek power. Her marriage to Philip placed her within the Macedonian royal household.
Aeacidae: The Aeacidae were the royal dynasty of Epirus, traditionally tracing descent from the mythic Aeacus. Olympias belonged to this dynasty through her father, Neoptolemus I.
Alexander IV of Macedon: Alexander IV was the posthumous son of Alexander the Great and Roxana, recognized as king while still a child. Olympias supported her grandson as a dynastic successor.
Macedonian succession crisis (317–316 BCE): The Macedonian succession crisis of 317–316 BCE was a struggle for control of the kingdom after Alexander’s death. Olympias entered the crisis to defend the claims of her grandson.
Cleopatra Eurydice of Macedon: Cleopatra Eurydice was a Macedonian noblewoman and Philip II’s later wife, whose children threatened Alexander’s succession. Her marriage to Philip sharpened the succession rivalry surrounding Olympias’s son.
Macedon: Macedon was an ancient kingdom north of Greece that became the leading power under Philip II and Alexander. Her marriage transferred her from Epirus into Macedonian royal politics.

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