Knowra Open educational resources Open educational resources Open educational resources are teaching, learning, and research materials released under licenses that permit free access and reuse, often including adaptation and redistribution.
Creative Commons license : A standardized copyright license that lets creators grant public permissions to use their works under stated conditions. These licenses commonly spell out the permissions attached to open educational materials.
5R framework : A framework describing five permissions for open resources: retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute. Its permissions give a practical test for how openly an educational resource can be used.
Open pedagogy : An approach to teaching that uses open practices and often invites learners to create publicly shared work. OER can become the basis for assignments that produce reusable knowledge rather than disposable coursework.
Textbook affordability : The extent to which students can obtain required course books without imposing excessive financial burden. Replacing costly textbooks with OER can lower a recurring barrier to course participation.
Copyright : A legal framework granting creators control over specified uses of original works for limited periods. Open resources rely on copyright holders granting permissions beyond default legal restrictions.
Open textbook : A textbook released under an open license that permits free access and specified forms of reuse. Open textbooks are a prominent resource type that demonstrates licensing and adaptation in practice.
Open courseware : Course materials published online for free use, often including syllabi, lectures, and assignments. It applies openness to bundles of course content rather than individual resources alone.
Open pedagogy benefits : Reported educational gains associated with open teaching, such as participation, collaboration, and learner agency. OER initiatives can change learning activities as well as the price and availability of materials.
Public domain : Works no longer protected by copyright, or never eligible for it, and generally free for anyone to use. Public-domain materials are reusable without an open license, unlike copyrighted OER.
Open educational practices : Teaching and learning practices that use openness to support collaboration, participation, and sharing. OER can enable courses in which learners and educators create or adapt materials together.
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