Operation Enduring Freedom

A U.S.-led military operation launched in Afghanistan in October 2001 to dismantle al-Qaeda and remove the Taliban government that sheltered it. Its name was later applied to related U.S. operations in other regions.

United States invasion of Afghanistan: The U.S.-led military campaign that began in Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. This was the operation’s opening campaign, aimed at al-Qaeda and the Taliban government.
September 11 attacks: A coordinated series of terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. The attacks prompted the U.S. campaign against al-Qaeda and its Taliban sanctuary.
Fall of Kabul (2001): The capture of Afghanistan’s capital by the Northern Alliance on November 13, 2001, as Taliban forces withdrew. The Taliban’s loss of Kabul marked a decisive early result of the campaign.
Operation Freedom's Sentinel: The U.S. military operation in Afghanistan that replaced Operation Enduring Freedom–Afghanistan in 2015. Its narrower name marked the successor mission after the U.S. combat role changed.
Northern Alliance: A coalition of Afghan factions that fought the Taliban and received U.S. support after September 2001. Its forces supplied the Afghan ground partners who helped defeat Taliban rule.
al-Qaeda: A transnational Islamist militant organization founded by Osama bin Laden and responsible for the September 11 attacks. Destroying its Afghan bases and disrupting its leadership were central stated aims.
Bonn Agreement: The December 2001 agreement that established an interim Afghan administration after the fall of the Taliban government. It set the political framework that followed the initial military victory.
Operation Iraqi Freedom: The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq that began in March 2003 and toppled Saddam Hussein’s government. It was a separate invasion, not the Afghanistan campaign, despite sharing the broader post-September 11 context.
Central Intelligence Agency: The U.S. civilian intelligence agency responsible for collecting and analyzing foreign intelligence. CIA teams worked with Afghan allies to direct air strikes and organize resistance to the Taliban.
Taliban: An Afghan Islamist movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until its government fell in 2001. The Taliban government sheltered al-Qaeda and was removed during the opening campaign.

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