Knowra Operation Linda Nchi Operation Linda Nchi A Kenyan military operation launched in October 2011 to pursue al-Shabaab forces into Somalia. Kenyan forces later joined the African Union Mission in Somalia.
Kenya Defence Forces : Kenya’s unified military forces, comprising the army, air force, and navy. The Kenyan military carried out the operation and supplied its ground forces.
Lamu kidnappings : A series of abductions of foreign visitors and residents in Kenya’s Lamu region in 2011. The kidnappings helped prompt Kenya to send forces into Somalia.
Garissa University College attack : An al-Shabaab attack on Garissa University College in Kenya on April 2, 2015, that killed 148 people. The attack demonstrated that Kenya’s intervention did not end al-Shabaab’s capacity to strike inside Kenya.
Operation Restore Hope : A United States-led military intervention in Somalia from 1992 to 1993 to secure humanitarian relief. Unlike Kenya’s pursuit of al-Shabaab, it began as a humanitarian-security intervention.
Al-Shabaab : A Somali Islamist militant group that has fought Somalia’s federal government and international forces. The operation was launched to pursue the group’s forces in southern Somalia.
Dadaab refugee camp : A large complex of refugee camps in northeastern Kenya, established in 1991. Security concerns around the camp formed part of Kenya’s stated justification for the intervention.
Westgate shopping mall attack : An al-Shabaab attack on Nairobi’s Westgate shopping mall in September 2013 that killed at least 67 people. The attack became a defining example of the domestic security threat during Kenya’s Somalia campaign.
Ethiopian invasion of Somalia (2006) : Ethiopia’s 2006 military intervention that ousted the Islamic Courts Union government in Somalia. It was an earlier neighboring-state intervention with different stated targets and political consequences.
Somalia : A country in the Horn of Africa, bordering Kenya, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. The operation crossed into Somali territory and unfolded amid the country’s conflict.
Kenya–Somalia relations : The political and diplomatic relationship between the neighboring countries of Kenya and Somalia. The intervention altered relations between the two governments and raised questions of consent.
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