Oral administration

Oral administration delivers a medication or other substance through the mouth, usually by swallowing it for absorption in the digestive tract.

Gastrointestinal absorption: The movement of substances from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph. It determines how much of a swallowed dose enters circulation and how quickly.
Tablet: A solid dosage form made by compressing or molding a measured quantity of ingredients. Tablets are a common way to deliver medicines by mouth.
Intravenous therapy: The delivery of fluids or medicines directly into a vein. It bypasses gastrointestinal absorption and provides immediate systemic access.
Adherence (medicine): The extent to which a person's medication-taking behavior matches an agreed treatment plan. Convenient oral regimens can support adherence, while complex schedules can undermine it.
First-pass effect: The metabolism of a substance in the gut wall or liver before it reaches systemic circulation. It can substantially reduce the active amount reaching the bloodstream after swallowing.
Capsule: A dosage form in which a drug is enclosed in a soluble shell, often gelatin or a plant-derived polymer. Capsules carry oral medicines as powders, granules, or liquids.
Intramuscular injection: Delivery of a substance into a muscle using a needle. It avoids swallowing and gastrointestinal absorption, with absorption depending on the injection site.
Food–drug interaction: A change in a drug's effects or absorption caused by food or a nutrient. Meals can alter the absorption or action of some swallowed medicines.
Bioavailability: The fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in an active form. Oral bioavailability reflects absorption and losses during first-pass metabolism.
Oral rehydration therapy: Treatment of dehydration by drinking a solution of water, salts, and glucose. It uses oral absorption to replace fluid and electrolytes during diarrhea.

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