Oregon Country

Oregon Country was a contested region west of the Rocky Mountains, centered on the Columbia River basin, that the United States and Britain jointly occupied before partitioning it in 1846.

Oregon Treaty: The 1846 agreement that established the boundary between British North America and the United States west of the Rocky Mountains. It ended joint occupation by dividing most of Oregon Country at the 49th parallel.
George Vancouver: A British naval officer who surveyed parts of the Pacific Northwest coast in the 1790s. His surveys supported British geographic knowledge of the coast and its waterways.
Nootka Sound Convention: A series of 1790 agreements between Britain and Spain addressing access and territorial claims on the Pacific Northwest coast. It weakened Spain’s exclusive claims and opened space for later British and U.S. ambitions.
Oregon Territory: A U.S. organized territory established in 1848 from lands south of the 49th parallel in the Pacific Northwest. It governed the U.S. portion of former Oregon Country after partition.
Oregon boundary dispute: The diplomatic dispute between Britain and the United States over their competing claims to the Pacific Northwest. It turned overlapping claims to Oregon Country into a contested international question.
David Thompson: A British-Canadian fur trader and explorer who mapped much of the Columbia River system. His journeys documented the river basin central to competing territorial claims.
Adams–Onís Treaty: The 1819 treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States and set boundaries between their territories. Spain’s cession transferred its claims north of the 42nd parallel to the United States.
British Columbia: A province of Canada on the Pacific coast, established as a British colony in 1858. The lands north of the treaty line developed separately under British rule and later joined Canada.
Columbia River: A major river flowing from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean through present-day Canada and the United States. Its basin formed the geographic core of the territory both powers claimed.
John Jacob Astor: An American merchant who founded the Pacific Fur Company and financed the settlement of Astoria. His trading venture sought to establish U.S. commercial influence at the Columbia’s mouth.

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