Organic acid

An organic compound that acts as a Brønsted proton donor or a Lewis electron-pair acceptor. Many organic acids contain carboxyl groups, though other functional groups can confer acidity.

Brønsted–Lowry acid: A species that donates a proton to another species. Organic acids commonly act by donating protons to bases.
Organic chemistry: The study of carbon-containing compounds, their structures, properties, reactions, and synthesis. Organic acids are defined by their carbon-based molecular structures.
Citric acid: A tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits and a central intermediate in cellular metabolism. It illustrates how a molecule with several carboxyl groups functions in food and metabolism.
Mineral acid: An inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, that donates protons in solution. Unlike organic acids, mineral acids generally lack a carbon-based molecular framework.
Carboxyl group: A carbonyl group and hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom. This functional group makes many organic compounds acidic by stabilizing the conjugate base.
Functional group: A specific group of atoms in a molecule that largely determines its characteristic reactions. Different functional groups can give organic compounds acidic behavior.
Acetic acid: A two-carbon carboxylic acid that gives vinegar its characteristic acidity and odor. Its familiar use in vinegar demonstrates organic-acid acidity in everyday materials.
Strong acid: An acid that ionizes nearly completely in a specified solvent. Most familiar carboxylic acids are weak acids rather than fully ionized strong acids.
Conjugate base: The species formed when an acid donates a proton. Its stability helps determine how readily an organic acid releases its proton.
Lewis acid: A species that accepts an electron pair to form a chemical bond. Some organic acids act as electron-pair acceptors without donating a proton.

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