Organic reaction

An organic reaction transforms organic compounds by breaking or forming bonds between their atoms. Its outcome depends on molecular structure, reagents, conditions, and reaction mechanism.

Reaction mechanism: A stepwise account of how a chemical reaction proceeds through bond changes and intermediates. Organic reactions are classified and predicted by the sequence of bond-making and bond-breaking steps.
Organic compound: A carbon-based chemical compound, commonly containing carbon–hydrogen bonds and other elements. Organic reactions transform compounds from this broad family.
Grignard reaction: A carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction using an organomagnesium halide reagent. It turns a carbon nucleophile into a versatile tool for constructing larger molecules.
Elimination reaction: A reaction that removes atoms or groups from a molecule, often forming a multiple bond. It competes with substitution when a substrate and reagent can follow either pathway.
Nucleophilic substitution: A reaction in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group attached to an electrophilic atom. It shows how electron-rich reagents replace groups on carbon.
Chemical bond: An attractive interaction that holds atoms together in molecules or extended structures. Bond changes are the defining molecular events in organic reactions.
Diels–Alder reaction: A cycloaddition between a conjugated diene and a dienophile that forms a six-membered ring. It efficiently builds cyclic structures and creates multiple bonds in one step.
Addition reaction: A reaction in which atoms or groups join across a multiple bond, reducing its bond order. It reverses the structural direction of elimination at unsaturated centers.
Electrophilic addition: A reaction in which an electrophile and a nucleophile add across a carbon–carbon multiple bond. It illustrates how pi bonds become two new sigma bonds.
Nucleophile: A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond. Nucleophiles supply electron pairs in many carbon-centered transformations.

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