Organic semiconductor

An organic material that conducts charge through electronic states associated with conjugated molecules or polymers. Its electronic properties arise from carbon-based molecular structures rather than an extended inorganic crystal lattice.

Conjugation: The delocalization of electrons across adjacent p orbitals in a connected molecular framework. Conjugated bonds create the electronic states that allow organic materials to conduct.
Aromaticity: A stabilization associated with cyclic, conjugated electron systems that satisfy characteristic electron-counting rules. Aromatic units commonly form the rigid, conjugated cores of organic semiconductors.
Organic light-emitting diode: A light-emitting device in which an organic electroluminescent layer emits light when electrically driven. Organic semiconductors transport and recombine charges in the emissive layers.
Inorganic semiconductor: A semiconductor made from inorganic elements or compounds, commonly forming an extended crystalline lattice. Its extended lattice and often higher mobility distinguish it from molecular semiconductors.
Alan J. Heeger: An American physicist who shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on conductive polymers. His research helped establish conjugated polymers as electronically useful materials.
HOMO and LUMO: The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, which bound a molecule’s frontier electronic states. Their energy separation sets key optical and charge-injection properties.
π–π stacking: Noncovalent attraction and orbital overlap between nearby aromatic systems. Stacking brings conjugated molecules close enough for electronic coupling.
Organic field-effect transistor: A transistor that controls current through an organic semiconductor using an electric field. Its channel illustrates how molecular films can perform electronic switching.
Silicon: A chemical element and widely used crystalline semiconductor for integrated circuits and photovoltaics. Silicon provides a familiar benchmark for performance, stability, and manufacturing.
Alan MacDiarmid: A New Zealand-born chemist who shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on conductive polymers. His collaboration on doped polyacetylene helped demonstrate polymer conductivity.

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