Organogenesis

Organogenesis is the formation of organs from embryonic tissues. It involves cell differentiation, tissue patterning, and coordinated growth that establish organs’ structures and functions.

Gastrulation: The embryonic process that reorganizes cells into germ layers and establishes the body plan. It creates the germ layers from which organ-forming tissues develop.
Embryonic stem cell: A pluripotent cell from an early embryo that can produce derivatives of all three germ layers. Its broad developmental potential contrasts with the restricted fates of organ-forming cells.
Neurulation: The embryonic process that forms the neural tube from the neural plate. The neural tube is an early organ-forming structure that gives rise to the central nervous system.
Gametogenesis: The production of sperm or eggs through the development of germ cells. It produces reproductive cells rather than forming organs in an embryo.
Congenital disorder: A structural or functional condition present at birth, often arising during development. Disrupted organ formation can produce congenital abnormalities.
Germ layer: One of the primary embryonic cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm. Each layer supplies characteristic tissues and organs during organ formation.
Morphogen: A signaling molecule whose concentration helps specify different cell fates in a developing tissue. Morphogen gradients pattern embryonic tissues before and during organ formation.
Heart development: The embryonic formation and maturation of the heart and its major structures. It illustrates how a simple tube becomes a chambered, functioning organ.
Fertilization: The fusion of sperm and egg that forms a zygote. It initiates embryonic development, whereas organogenesis occurs much later.
Teratology: The study of abnormal development and the causes of congenital disorders. It examines how genetic and environmental factors interfere with organ formation.

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