Orphanage

An orphanage is a residential institution that houses and cares for children whose parents have died or cannot care for them. It may be run by a government, religious organization, or charity.

Residential child care: A form of child care in which children live in a staffed group setting outside their family home. Orphanages are one historical form of residential child care.
Foundling hospital: An institution established to receive and care for abandoned infants and young children. Foundling hospitals were specialized predecessors of broader orphanage institutions.
Attachment theory: A psychological theory describing how early relationships with caregivers shape attachment and emotional development. Stable, responsive caregiving in institutions matters to the relationships attachment theory describes.
New York Foundling Hospital: A Catholic child-care institution founded in New York City in 1869 by the Sisters of Charity. Its history includes institutional care and the placement of children with families across the United States.
Kinship care: Care for a child by relatives or other adults with whom the child has an established relationship. It keeps children within familiar relationships rather than placing them in an institution.
Child welfare: The policies and services intended to protect children and support their development and families. Child welfare systems determine when residential placement is used and what alternatives are available.
Foundling wheel: A rotating hatch historically used at some institutions to receive infants anonymously. Its use reflects the ways some orphanages accepted abandoned children.
Institutional deprivation: Developmental harm associated with prolonged care in institutions that fail to provide adequate individual attention and relationships. Research on institutional deprivation has shaped criticism and reform of orphanage care.
St. Vincent's Home for Children: A Catholic residential child-care institution founded in Albany, New York, in 1850. It illustrates the role of religious organizations in nineteenth-century American child care.
Guardianship: A legal arrangement granting an adult authority and responsibility to care for a child or another person. Guardianship can assign long-term responsibility without relying on an institutional placement.

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