Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder in which reduced bone strength increases susceptibility to fractures. It develops when bone loss or impaired bone formation disrupts the balance that maintains skeletal tissue.

Bone remodeling: Bone remodeling is the lifelong replacement of old bone tissue by coordinated resorption and formation. Osteoporosis develops when this renewal process removes more bone than it replaces.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is an imaging method that estimates bone mineral density using two X-ray energy levels. It is the standard test for measuring bone density in osteoporosis assessment.
Vertebral compression fracture: A vertebral compression fracture is a collapse or reduction in height of a spinal vertebra. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures may occur with little trauma and can cause pain or spinal curvature.
Menopause: Menopause is the permanent end of menstruation following the loss of ovarian follicular activity. The accompanying estrogen decline accelerates bone loss in many women.
Osteomalacia: Osteomalacia is defective mineralization of newly formed bone in adults, often causing soft bones and pain. It can resemble osteoporosis clinically, but its defining problem is poor mineralization rather than simply low bone mass.
Osteoclast: An osteoclast is a specialized cell that breaks down bone tissue. Excessive osteoclast activity can accelerate bone loss in osteoporosis.
FRAX: FRAX is a clinical tool that estimates a person's 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fractures. It combines clinical risk factors with or without bone-density data to guide treatment decisions.
Hip fracture: A hip fracture is a break in the upper part of the femur near the hip joint. Osteoporosis makes this injury more likely, and it can lead to loss of independence.
Aging: Aging is the progressive biological change in an organism over time. Bone formation and structural maintenance often become less effective with age.
Paget disease of bone: Paget disease of bone is a chronic disorder of abnormal bone remodeling that produces enlarged, disorganized bone. It alters bone structure through excessive remodeling rather than the typical pattern of osteoporotic bone loss.

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