Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor whose cancer cells produce osteoid, the matrix that forms bone. It most often arises near the ends of long bones in children and young adults.

Osteoid: Osteoid is the unmineralized organic matrix secreted by bone-forming cells before it hardens into bone. Osteoid production by malignant cells is the defining feature used to identify osteosarcoma.
Osteoblast: An osteoblast is a cell that produces the organic matrix of bone. Osteosarcoma cells resemble bone-forming cells and produce osteoid.
Bone X-ray: A bone X-ray is an imaging test that uses ionizing radiation to show bone structure. Radiographs often reveal the destructive bone lesion that prompts evaluation for osteosarcoma.
Ewing sarcoma: Ewing sarcoma is a malignant tumor of bone or soft tissue, commonly driven by a fusion involving EWSR1. It is another major primary bone cancer in young people but has different biology and treatment.
Distal femur: The distal femur is the lower portion of the thigh bone adjoining the knee. It is one of the most frequent sites of conventional osteosarcoma.
RB1: RB1 is a tumor-suppressor gene that regulates cell-cycle progression. Inherited or acquired RB1 disruption is associated with increased osteosarcoma risk.
Osteoclast: An osteoclast is a cell that resorbs bone by breaking down its mineral and organic components. Osteoclasts remove bone, unlike the osteoid-producing malignant cells that define osteosarcoma.
Magnetic resonance imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body. MRI maps local tumor extent and its relationship to nearby tissues before surgery.
Chondrosarcoma: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor whose cells produce cartilage-like matrix. Its matrix-producing cells distinguish it from osteosarcoma’s osteoid-producing cells.
Proximal tibia: The proximal tibia is the upper portion of the shinbone adjoining the knee. Osteosarcoma commonly develops around the knee, including this bone region.

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