Ostracism

Ostracism was an Athenian procedure in which citizens voted to exile a politically prominent person for ten years, without confiscating property or imposing a criminal conviction.

Ostracon: An ostracon is a pottery fragment used as a writing surface in the ancient Mediterranean. Athenian voters scratched the name of their chosen exile onto one.
Cleisthenes: Cleisthenes was an Athenian statesman whose reforms around 508–507 BCE reorganized political life and widened citizen participation. Ancient tradition associates his reforms with the institution of ostracism.
Aristides: Aristides was an Athenian statesman and general known by the epithet “the Just.” He was ostracized in the early fifth century BCE and later recalled during the Persian invasion.
Atimia: Atimia was the loss of civic rights imposed as a penalty in ancient Greece. Unlike ostracism, it restricted civic standing rather than requiring temporary departure.
Athenian democracy: Athenian democracy was the system of citizen participation in government developed in classical Athens. The citizen assembly administered the procedure and counted its votes.
Athenian reforms of Cleisthenes: The reforms of Cleisthenes reorganized Athenian tribes and political institutions around 508–507 BCE. They supplied the institutional setting in which ostracism developed.
Themistocles: Themistocles was an Athenian statesman and general who promoted the city’s naval expansion. His ostracism around 471 BCE removed a leading architect of Athenian sea power.
Exile: Exile is the forced absence of a person from their home or country, whether imposed by law or political power. Ostracism was a formal Athenian form of temporary political exile.
Quorum: A quorum is the minimum number of participants required for a meeting or vote to conduct business. A minimum turnout was required for the result to take effect.
Peisistratus: Peisistratus was an Athenian aristocrat who established himself as tyrant of Athens in the sixth century BCE. His rise exemplified the concentration of power that early ostracism could guard against.

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