Otorhinolaryngology

Otorhinolaryngology is the medical specialty concerned with diagnosing and treating diseases of the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck. It is also called ear, nose, and throat medicine.

Otology: The medical subspecialty focused on diseases of the ear and related hearing and balance disorders. It concentrates on the ear within the specialty’s broader anatomical scope.
Temporal bone: A skull bone containing structures of the middle and inner ear. Its complex anatomy underlies many ear examinations and operations.
Otoscopy: Examination of the ear canal and eardrum using an otoscope. It is a basic method for evaluating common ear complaints.
Audiology: The science and clinical practice of assessing and managing hearing and balance disorders. It shares ear-care work with otology but focuses on testing and nonsurgical rehabilitation.
Eustachian tube: A canal connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx that helps equalize pressure and drain secretions. Its anatomy links ear and throat disorders, reflecting the specialty’s connected scope.
Rhinology: The medical subspecialty focused on the nose, sinuses, and disorders of smell. It covers nasal and sinus disease, including conditions treated by otolaryngologists.
Paranasal sinuses: Air-filled cavities in the bones around the nasal cavity. Their anatomy is central to rhinology and endoscopic sinus surgery.
Nasal endoscopy: Examination of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx with a thin endoscope. It lets clinicians inspect areas that routine external examination cannot show.
Neurology: The medical specialty concerned with disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. Neurologists treat some dizziness and nerve disorders that overlap with ENT practice.
American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: A professional association representing otolaryngologists in the United States. The organization reflects the specialty’s modern professional identity and expanded name.

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