Ottoman dynasty

The ruling house founded by Osman I that governed the Ottoman Empire from its emergence around 1299 until the sultanate’s abolition in 1922.

Mehmed II: The Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453 and established it as his capital. His conquest transformed the dynasty into the ruler of an imperial capital.
Ottoman succession: The changing practices by which Ottoman princes competed for and inherited the sultanate. It explains how authority passed between members of the ruling house.
Anatolian beyliks: Turkic principalities that arose in Anatolia after the decline of Seljuk authority. The Ottomans began among the competing principalities of post-Seljuk Anatolia.
Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The Turkish Grand National Assembly’s abolition of the Ottoman sultanate on 1 November 1922. It formally ended the dynasty’s rule as sovereigns.
Selim I: The Ottoman sultan who expanded the empire into Syria, Egypt, and the Hejaz in the early sixteenth century. His conquests greatly enlarged the territories ruled by the dynasty.
Fratricide in the Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman practice, especially associated with Mehmed II’s law code, of executing rival male relatives after accession. It was one method used to prevent dynastic succession wars.
Osman I: The Anatolian ruler traditionally regarded as founder of the Ottoman dynasty and state. His principality supplied the dynasty’s name and earliest political base.
Turkish War of Independence: The conflict from 1919 to 1923 that established the Republic of Turkey and ended Allied occupation plans. Its nationalist government abolished the sultanate and displaced dynastic authority.
Suleiman the Magnificent: The Ottoman sultan whose reign from 1520 to 1566 brought extensive military and legal achievements. His reign became a defining period of dynastic power and imperial reach.
Kafes: The secluded palace quarters where Ottoman princes were sometimes confined before accession. Confinement replaced routine princely executions as a way to manage succession threats.

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