Knowra Ottoman wars in Europe Ottoman wars in Europe The military conflicts fought in Europe between the Ottoman Empire and European states, coalitions, or peoples, from Ottoman expansion into the region onward.
Fall of Constantinople : The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, which ended the Byzantine Empire. Its capture established Ottoman power on both sides of the Bosporus and opened further European campaigns.
Ottoman military : The armed forces of the Ottoman Empire, including its land army, navy, and provincial troops. Its institutions and forces supplied the armies that fought the European campaigns.
Ottoman Empire : A state founded in Anatolia that became a multiethnic empire spanning parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its expansion into southeastern Europe created the conflicts covered by this topic.
Treaty of Karlowitz : The 1699 peace settlement that transferred much of Ottoman Hungary and other territories to Habsburg and allied powers. It formalized a major territorial retreat after the Great Turkish War.
Crusades : A series of religiously sanctioned military expeditions, chiefly aimed at the eastern Mediterranean, from the eleventh century onward. Later wars against the Ottomans were sometimes framed as crusades, but differed in setting and political aims.
Battle of Mohács : The Ottoman victory over the Kingdom of Hungary in 1526, which transformed Central European politics. The battle broke Hungarian resistance and helped draw the Habsburgs into sustained conflict with the Ottomans.
Janissaries : Elite infantry units of the Ottoman Empire, recruited through the devshirme system in their early centuries. Janissaries formed a central component of Ottoman field armies and siege forces.
Ottoman conquest of the Balkans : The gradual Ottoman incorporation of Balkan territories from the fourteenth century onward. Conquest established the European provinces from which later campaigns were launched.
Treaty of Passarowitz : The 1718 settlement ending the Austro-Ottoman War of 1716–1718 and transferring territory to the Habsburg monarchy. It marked a further shift of borders after Habsburg victories in the Balkans.
Ottoman–Safavid wars : A series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid state, fought mainly in western Asia. These major Ottoman wars occurred largely outside Europe and involved a different rival.
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