Outer Manchuria

Outer Manchuria is a historical region of Northeast Asia incorporated into the Russian Empire after Qing China ceded lands north of the Amur River and east of the Ussuri River in the 19th century.

Treaty of Aigun: A 1858 treaty in which Qing China ceded territory north of the Amur River to Russia. It began the cession that transferred much of Outer Manchuria to Russia.
Amur River: A major river in Northeast Asia that forms part of the border between Russia and China. The 1858 treaty made the river the boundary north of the ceded lands.
Vladivostok: A Russian port city on the Pacific coast, founded in 1860 near the Sea of Japan. Its location in the ceded territory made it a principal Russian Pacific base.
Inner Manchuria: The part of historic Manchuria that remained within China after Russia acquired Outer Manchuria. The distinction separates the Russian-held territories from Chinese Manchuria.
Convention of Peking: A 1860 agreement that confirmed Russian territorial gains from Qing China and transferred lands east of the Ussuri River. It secured the eastern part of the region for Russia.
Ussuri River: A river in Northeast Asia that joins the Amur and forms part of the Russia–China border. The territory east of it passed to Russia under the 1860 convention.
Primorsky Krai: A federal subject of Russia in the country’s Far East, bordering China and the Sea of Japan. It encompasses much of the territory east of the Ussuri ceded in 1860.
Manchuria: A historical region of Northeast Asia associated with the homeland of the Manchu people and northeastern China. Outer Manchuria is the northern and eastern portion of this broader region.
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky: A Russian statesman who promoted expansion into the Amur region and negotiated the Treaty of Aigun. His diplomacy and regional campaigns helped bring about the 1858 cession.
Treaty of Nerchinsk: A 1689 treaty that established an early boundary between the Qing Empire and Russia in the Amur region. Its earlier border settlement was displaced by Russia’s later southward expansion.

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