Oxide ion

The oxide ion is an oxygen atom with a 2− charge, written O²⁻. It forms ionic compounds with positively charged ions and occurs chiefly in solid oxides.

Oxygen: A chemical element with atomic number 8, essential to many compounds and biological processes. An oxide ion is an oxygen atom that has gained two electrons.
Electron affinity: The energy change when a neutral gaseous atom gains an electron. Oxygen's electron affinity contributes to, but does not alone determine, oxide formation.
Zirconia: A ceramic material composed mainly of zirconium dioxide, valued for strength and high-temperature stability. Doped zirconia conducts oxide ions and serves as a solid electrolyte.
Peroxide ion: The O₂²⁻ ion, consisting of two oxygen atoms joined by an oxygen–oxygen bond. Unlike monatomic oxide, peroxide contains an O–O bond and has a different charge per oxygen.
Anion: An ion with a net negative electric charge. The oxide ion belongs to this broad class of negatively charged ions.
Lattice energy: The energy change associated with forming an ionic crystal from separated gaseous ions. Strong lattice stabilization helps offset the energy cost of adding two electrons to oxygen.
Yttria-stabilized zirconia: Zirconia containing yttrium oxide, which stabilizes its crystal structure and creates oxygen vacancies. Its mobile oxide ions make it a widely used oxygen-ion conductor.
Superoxide ion: The O₂⁻ ion, consisting of two oxygen atoms joined by an oxygen–oxygen bond. Its molecular structure and 1− charge distinguish it from O²⁻.
Ionic bond: An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Its attraction to cations holds many oxide solids together.
Born–Haber cycle: A thermochemical cycle that relates an ionic solid's formation energy to its component steps. It accounts quantitatively for oxide formation, including oxygen's electron-gain steps.

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