Oxoacid

An oxoacid is an acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. Many oxoacids form when an oxyanion gains one or more protons.

Oxyanion: A polyatomic ion containing oxygen and another element, with a net negative charge. Adding protons to an oxyanion commonly produces an oxoacid.
O–H bond: A covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen. Oxoacids release acidic protons by breaking this bond heterolytically.
Sulfuric acid: A diprotic oxoacid with formula H₂SO₄. Its two ionizable protons illustrate staged dissociation in a familiar oxoacid.
Hydroacid: A binary acid composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal, without oxygen. Unlike an oxoacid, a hydroacid contains no oxygen.
Brønsted–Lowry acid: A substance that donates a proton to another substance. Oxoacids act as proton donors under this acid–base definition.
Inductive effect: A shift in electron density transmitted through sigma bonds because of electronegativity differences. Electronegative atoms can strengthen oxoacid acidity through this effect.
Nitric acid: A strong monoprotic oxoacid with formula HNO₃. It illustrates a nitrogen-centered oxoacid with one acidic proton.
Carboxylic acid: An organic compound containing a carboxyl group, which can donate a proton. Carboxylic acids contain oxygen but are classified by an organic functional group, not as oxoacids.
Conjugate acid–base pair: Two species related by the gain or loss of a proton. An oxoacid and its deprotonated oxyanion form such a pair.
Resonance stabilization: The lowering of a species’ energy through electron delocalization across multiple bonding arrangements. Delocalization can stabilize the oxyanion left after an oxoacid loses a proton.

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