Oxygen toxicity

Oxygen toxicity is tissue injury caused by excessive oxygen exposure or by reactive oxygen species generated during it. Its effects depend on oxygen concentration, exposure duration, and the tissues involved.

Reactive oxygen species: Reactive oxygen species are oxygen-containing molecules that readily react with cellular components. They mediate much of the molecular damage caused by excess oxygen.
Oxygen therapy: Oxygen therapy is the administration of supplemental oxygen to prevent or treat low blood oxygen. Excessive concentrations or prolonged treatment can cause pulmonary injury.
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity: Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is lung injury caused by breathing high oxygen concentrations, especially for prolonged periods. It is the characteristic form of toxicity during sustained hyperoxia.
Hypoxia: Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen availability at the tissue level. It is the opposite oxygen problem: insufficient tissue supply rather than excess exposure.
Oxidative stress: Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxidants exceed a biological system’s capacity to neutralize them. It describes the imbalance that lets oxygen-derived oxidants injure cells.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy delivers near-pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber. High oxygen partial pressures can cause neurological or pulmonary toxicity.
Central nervous system oxygen toxicity: Central nervous system oxygen toxicity is acute neurological dysfunction caused by breathing oxygen at high partial pressure. It can cause seizures during high-pressure oxygen exposure.
Oxygen poisoning: Oxygen poisoning is a common name for harmful physiological effects caused by excessive oxygen exposure. The phrase often names the acute syndrome, while oxygen toxicity also covers chronic tissue injury.
Antioxidant: An antioxidant is a substance that slows or prevents oxidation by neutralizing reactive molecules or interrupting oxidation reactions. Antioxidant defenses limit the cellular damage produced by excess oxygen.
Oxygen toxicity in diving: Oxygen toxicity in diving is harmful physiological effects from breathing oxygen at elevated partial pressures underwater. Depth raises oxygen partial pressure and can trigger acute toxicity.

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