Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest is a geographic and cultural region of western North America, generally encompassing parts of the United States and Canada along the Pacific coast.

Cascade Range: A volcanic mountain range extending from British Columbia through Washington and Oregon into northern California. The Cascades form a major divide between the region’s coastal and interior climates.
Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast: The diverse Indigenous nations and communities of the Pacific Northwest Coast, with distinct languages, territories, and traditions. Their histories and living cultures are foundational to the region.
Pacific Northwest timber industry: The logging, milling, and forest-products industries of the Pacific Northwest. Timber extraction helped shape settlement, labor, and land-use conflicts.
Cascadia bioregion: A proposed region defined by ecological systems and watersheds of the Pacific Northwest rather than political borders. Its watershed-based boundaries differ from everyday definitions of the Pacific Northwest.
Columbia River: A major river flowing from the Canadian Rockies through Washington and Oregon to the Pacific Ocean. Its basin links communities and ecosystems across the region.
Chinookan peoples: Indigenous peoples who historically lived along the lower Columbia River and nearby Pacific Coast. Chinookan communities shaped trade and life around a major regional waterway.
Columbia River Treaty: A 1964 agreement between Canada and the United States coordinating Columbia River flood control and hydropower. It shows how shared rivers require cross-border management.
Interior Northwest: The inland portion of the northwestern United States, east of the Cascade Range. Its drier landscapes distinguish it from the Pacific-facing western region.
Puget Sound: A deep estuary in western Washington connected to the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Its waterways anchor a densely populated part of the Pacific Northwest.
Coast Salish peoples: Indigenous peoples of the Salish Sea region, including parts of present-day British Columbia and Washington. Their nations span the international boundary within the region.

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