Pahlavi dynasty

Iran’s last ruling royal dynasty, founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925 and ended by the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

Reza Shah Pahlavi: Iran’s first Pahlavi shah, who ruled from 1925 to 1941 and built a centralized state. He founded the dynasty and drove its early state-building reforms.
Qajar dynasty: Iran’s ruling dynasty from 1789 until its overthrow in 1925. Its decline created the opening for Reza Khan’s rise and the Pahlavi succession.
Iranian secularization: The reduction of religious institutions’ authority in public life and governance in Iran. State reforms challenged clerical influence and made secularization a contested legacy.
Islamic Republic of Iran: Iran’s post-1979 state, combining republican institutions with clerical oversight. It replaced hereditary monarchy with a political order grounded in revolutionary Islam.
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi: Iran’s second Pahlavi shah, who ruled from 1941 until the monarchy’s overthrow in 1979. His increasingly centralized rule defined the dynasty’s final decades.
Persian Constitutional Revolution: Iran’s 1905–1911 movement that secured a constitution and parliament under the Qajar monarchy. Its constitutional politics formed part of the unstable setting preceding Pahlavi rule.
Iranian modernization: The transformation of Iran’s economy, institutions, and social life through state-led reform and industrialization. Pahlavi governments accelerated modernization while concentrating political power.
Mohammad Mosaddegh: Iranian prime minister from 1951 to 1953, known for nationalizing the oil industry. His conflict with the shah represented a rival vision of constitutional power and oil sovereignty.
Iranian oil nationalization: The 1951 transfer of Iran’s oil industry from British-controlled ownership to Iranian state control. The crisis over oil sovereignty tested the monarchy and reshaped its foreign alliances.
1921 Persian coup d'état: A military coup in Tehran that brought Reza Khan to national prominence in 1921. It began the sequence of power shifts that led to the dynasty’s founding.

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