Pancasila

Pancasila is Indonesia’s five-principle state philosophy and the foundation of its national identity. It combines belief in God, humanity, national unity, deliberative democracy, and social justice.

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa: The Pancasila principle of belief in one supreme God, while recognizing Indonesia’s religious diversity. This first principle frames religion as a foundation of public life without prescribing one faith.
BPUPKI: The Japanese-era body that prepared proposals for Indonesia’s independence and constitution in 1945. Its meetings provided the forum where competing visions of the new state were debated.
Constitutional Court of Indonesia: Indonesia’s court that reviews laws against the Constitution and adjudicates certain constitutional disputes. Its rulings interpret constitutional provisions whose preamble grounds the state in Pancasila.
New Order: The Indonesian political era under President Suharto, from 1966 until his resignation in 1998. The government made Pancasila a state doctrine and required organizations to accept it as their sole ideological basis.
Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab: The Pancasila principle that calls for just and civilized treatment of humanity. It gives the national philosophy an ethical commitment to human dignity and fairness.
Sukarno: Indonesia’s independence leader and first president, who presented a five-principle state philosophy in 1945. His June 1 speech introduced the name Pancasila and an influential formulation of its principles.
Pancasila Student Profile: An Indonesian education framework describing character qualities schools are expected to cultivate in students. It translates Pancasila’s values into goals for school learning and student development.
Pancasila as the Sole Foundation: The Indonesian New Order policy requiring social and political organizations to adopt Pancasila as their sole foundation. This policy shows how the philosophy could serve both as a unifying principle and an instrument of state control.
Persatuan Indonesia: The Pancasila principle of Indonesian unity across the country’s diverse peoples and regions. It addresses the challenge of holding a plural archipelago together as one nation.
Indonesian Declaration of Independence: The proclamation of Indonesian independence, issued in Jakarta on August 17, 1945. The new republic needed a shared philosophical foundation as it declared and organized its independence.

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