Pannotia

Pannotia is a hypothesized supercontinent assembled in the late Neoproterozoic after Rodinia fragmented. It broke apart before Pangaea formed.

Rodinia: Rodinia was a Neoproterozoic supercontinent that assembled roughly one billion years ago and later fragmented. Rodinia’s breakup is proposed to have preceded Pannotia’s assembly.
Plate tectonics: Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth’s outer shell consists of moving plates whose interactions shape continents and oceans. Continental drift and collision underlie every reconstruction of Pannotia.
Pan-African Belt: The Pan-African Belt is a network of late Precambrian mountain belts extending across Africa and adjoining regions. Its sutures preserve evidence of continental collisions attributed to Pannotia.
Columbia (supercontinent): Columbia, also called Nuna, was a proposed supercontinent that assembled in the Paleoproterozoic, well before Rodinia. Its much earlier age distinguishes it from late Neoproterozoic Pannotia.
Gondwana: Gondwana was a southern supercontinent that formed during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic and later became part of Pangaea. Several reconstructions place major Gondwanan landmasses within Pannotia.
Continental collision: Continental collision occurs when tectonic plates bring two continental masses together, commonly producing mountain belts. Collision is the proposed mechanism by which Pannotia’s component landmasses joined.
East African Orogeny: The East African Orogeny was a late Neoproterozoic mountain-building event caused by collisions during Gondwana’s assembly. Its timing and geography inform proposed reconstructions of Pannotia.
Kenorland: Kenorland is a hypothesized Archean supercontinent assembled from several ancient cratons. Kenorland is another inferred supercontinent, but it predates Pannotia by billions of years.
Pan-African orogeny: The Pan-African orogeny was a prolonged series of mountain-building events associated with late Precambrian continental collisions. Its collision belts have been used to infer Pannotia’s assembly.
Rifting: Rifting is the stretching and thinning of Earth’s crust that can split a continent and initiate an ocean basin. Rifting is the process invoked to explain Pannotia’s breakup.

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