Knowra Pantothenic acid Pantothenic acid Pantothenic acid, or vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin incorporated into coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein, molecules central to transferring acyl groups in metabolism.
Coenzyme A : A coenzyme that carries acyl groups and supports reactions including fatty-acid synthesis and oxidation. Pantothenic acid supplies the structural component from which coenzyme A is made.
B vitamins : A group of water-soluble vitamins that serve as precursors or components of metabolic coenzymes. Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, one member of this nutrient family.
Pantothenate deficiency : A rare state of inadequate pantothenic acid, associated with fatigue, irritability, and gastrointestinal or neurological symptoms. It illustrates the consequences of insufficient supply for coenzyme-dependent metabolism.
Biotin : Vitamin B7, a water-soluble vitamin that serves as a cofactor for carboxylase enzymes. Like pantothenic acid, biotin supports metabolism, but it serves different enzymes and reactions.
Acyl carrier protein : A protein that carries growing fatty-acid chains during fatty-acid synthesis. Its phosphopantetheine arm contains a derivative of pantothenic acid.
Pantetheine : A compound formed from pantothenic acid and cysteamine, and a precursor to phosphopantetheine. It is an intermediate on the route from vitamin B5 to its active cofactor form.
Adequate intake : A nutrient recommendation used when evidence is insufficient to establish an estimated average requirement. Pantothenic acid intake guidance is expressed as an adequate intake rather than an RDA.
Niacin : Vitamin B3, a precursor of the electron-transfer coenzymes NAD and NADP. Niacin also feeds coenzyme synthesis, but its products carry electrons rather than acyl groups.
Phosphopantetheine : A cofactor derived from pantothenic acid that carries acyl groups in coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. This is the pantothenic-acid-derived group that performs acyl transfer.
Pantothenate kinase : An enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of coenzyme A biosynthesis by phosphorylating pantothenate. This enzyme initiates the cellular pathway that converts pantothenic acid into coenzyme A.
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