Papua (province)

Papua is an Indonesian province on the northern coast of western New Guinea. Its boundaries have changed through the division of the wider Papua region into new provinces.

Dutch New Guinea: The western part of New Guinea administered by the Netherlands until Indonesian control began in the 1960s. The territory's colonial boundaries preceded the Indonesian province that later bore the name Papua.
Western New Guinea: The Indonesian-administered western half of the island of New Guinea. Papua occupies the island's northern coastal region within this broader territory.
Lukas Enembe: An Indonesian politician who served as governor of Papua from 2013 to 2023. His governorship spanned the province's major 2022 boundary changes.
Papua conflict: An ongoing political and armed conflict involving Indonesian authorities and Papuan independence movements. The conflict influences security policy and daily life in the province.
Act of Free Choice: A 1969 process in which selected representatives voted for western New Guinea's integration into Indonesia. It formalized Indonesian control over the territory that included present-day Papua.
Jayapura: The capital city of Papua province and a major port near the Indonesian border with Papua New Guinea. It is the provincial capital and principal urban center.
Theys Eluay: A Papuan political leader and chairman of the Presidium of the Council of Papua, killed in 2001. His activism and killing became central to debates about Papuan political rights.
Indonesian transmigration program: An Indonesian government program that relocated people from densely populated islands to less populated regions. Migration into Papua has altered its population balance and generated political disputes.
Special Autonomy for Papua: An Indonesian legal framework granting special autonomy arrangements to Papua and its successor provinces. The province's status and governance have been shaped by laws for Papua's special autonomy.
Cenderawasih Bay: A large bay on the northern coast of western New Guinea, bordered by Papua and Central Papua. The bay shapes the province's northern coastline and maritime geography.

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