Paraphrenia

Paraphrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis introduced by Emil Kraepelin for psychosis marked by prominent delusions and hallucinations alongside relatively preserved personality and affect.

Emil Kraepelin: Emil Kraepelin was a German psychiatrist who developed an influential classification of mental disorders. He introduced paraphrenia while distinguishing psychotic illnesses by their course and outcome.
Delusion: A delusion is a firmly held belief that persists despite strong evidence against it. Delusions were central features in Kraepelin’s descriptions of paraphrenia.
Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. Paraphrenia was separated from schizophrenia by its comparatively preserved personality and functioning.
DSM-5-TR: DSM-5-TR is the American Psychiatric Association’s 2022 revision of its diagnostic manual for mental disorders. It does not recognize paraphrenia as a standalone diagnosis.
Dementia praecox: Dementia praecox was Kraepelin’s diagnosis for an early-onset psychotic illness associated with progressive deterioration. Kraepelin contrasted it with paraphrenia, whose defining feature was less personality deterioration.
Hallucination: A hallucination is a perception-like experience occurring without a corresponding external stimulus. Hallucinations commonly accompanied the prominent delusions in paraphrenia.
Delusional disorder: Delusional disorder is a psychotic disorder characterized by persistent delusions without the broader symptom pattern of schizophrenia. Both diagnoses center on delusions, but paraphrenia also commonly included hallucinations.
ICD-11: ICD-11 is the World Health Organization’s international classification of diseases, in effect since 2022. Its psychotic-disorder categories do not retain paraphrenia as a separate disorder.
Kraepelinian dichotomy: The Kraepelinian dichotomy separates psychotic disorders into schizophrenia-spectrum illness and mood disorders with psychosis. Paraphrenia emerged within Kraepelin’s broader effort to classify psychoses by course and prognosis.
Psychosis: Psychosis is a state involving impaired reality testing, often including delusions or hallucinations. Paraphrenia was classified as a psychotic disorder rather than a mood or cognitive syndrome.

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