Parmenion

Parmenion was a leading Macedonian general under Philip II and Alexander the Great. Alexander ordered his execution in 330 BCE after suspecting him of conspiracy.

Philip II of Macedon: King of Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE who transformed the kingdom into the dominant Greek military power. Parmenion served Philip and helped lead the campaigns that expanded Macedonian power.
Battle of the Granicus: The 334 BCE battle in which Alexander’s army crossed the Granicus River and defeated Persian satrapal forces. Parmenion advised caution before Alexander’s risky river crossing.
Macedonian army: The military forces of the ancient kingdom of Macedon, reorganized under Philip II and used in Alexander’s conquests. Parmenion’s authority came from commanding within this increasingly professional force.
Philotas conspiracy: The alleged plot against Alexander in 330 BCE for which Philotas was tried and executed. The accusations against Philotas became the immediate trigger for Parmenion’s execution.
Alexander the Great: King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and led campaigns as far east as India. Parmenion became Alexander’s senior general before their relationship ended in suspicion and execution.
Battle of Issus: The 333 BCE battle in which Alexander defeated Darius III’s Persian army in a narrow coastal plain. Parmenion commanded the Macedonian left while Alexander attacked the Persian center.
Macedonian phalanx: A dense infantry formation whose soldiers used long pikes called sarissas to keep opponents at a distance. The phalanx anchored the army Parmenion helped lead in major battles.
Darius III: The last Achaemenid king of Persia, defeated by Alexander and killed during the Macedonian pursuit. Parmenion’s position in Media placed him near Darius’s former imperial centers after the king’s defeat.
Philotas: Macedonian cavalry commander and son of Parmenion, executed in 330 BCE after being accused of failing to report a plot against Alexander. Philotas’s execution prompted Alexander to order Parmenion’s death.
Battle of Gaugamela: The 331 BCE battle in which Alexander defeated Darius III and broke the main Persian imperial army. Parmenion held the Macedonian left against pressure from Persian cavalry.

Linked from 1 page