Knowra Pashtuns Pashtuns The Pashtuns are an Iranian ethnic group native chiefly to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashto is their traditional language, and their diverse communities share cultural traditions including Pashtunwali.
Pashto : An Eastern Iranian language spoken chiefly by Pashtuns in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is the traditional language associated with Pashtun communities.
Pashtun origin theories : Historical and genealogical explanations proposed for the origins of Pashtun communities. Pashtun ancestry has been explained through traditions and scholarship that do not always agree.
Ahmad Shah Durrani : An eighteenth-century ruler who founded the Durrani Empire and is often regarded as a founder of modern Afghanistan. His rule made a Pashtun dynasty central to Afghanistan's formation.
Pashtun diaspora : Pashtun communities living outside their historic homelands in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Migration has extended Pashtun cultural and linguistic life across many countries.
Tajiks : An Iranian-speaking ethnic group with communities chiefly in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and neighboring countries. Tajiks are a major neighboring population in Afghanistan with a distinct ethnic and linguistic identity.
Pashtunwali : A diverse, customary ethical and social code associated with Pashtun communities. It names traditions often used to describe Pashtun social life, though practices vary.
Durrani Empire : An Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, ruled by the Durrani dynasty. Its founding consolidated Pashtun-led power and shaped Afghanistan's political history.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan : A Pashtun political and social reformer who advocated nonviolent resistance and Indian independence. His Khudai Khidmatgar movement connected Pashtun activism with nonviolent politics.
Pashtun nationalism : Political movements advocating recognition, unity, or self-determination for Pashtuns. It expresses political projects that draw on shared identity across state borders.
Baloch people : An Iranian ethnic group native chiefly to Balochistan, a region spanning Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. Baloch communities share regional proximity with Pashtuns but have distinct languages and identities.
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