Passport

A passport is an official government document that certifies its holder’s identity and nationality and requests foreign authorities to permit travel and provide assistance.

Passport control: The inspection of travel documents and travelers at an international border. Officials examine passports here to verify identity, travel permission, and admissibility.
Safe-conduct: A document or guarantee that protects a person’s passage through territory controlled by its issuer. Safe-conducts were an earlier form of official travel protection that passports inherited.
Visa-free travel: International travel permitted without obtaining a visa before arrival. A passport’s issuing country often determines where its holder can travel without a prior visa.
National identity card: An official card used to prove identity, and sometimes nationality, within a country or across participating states. Unlike a passport, it is primarily designed as a compact identity credential rather than a travel booklet.
Machine-readable passport: A passport whose identity data can be read optically from a standardized zone on its information page. Its encoded text lets border systems capture passport details quickly and consistently.
Passport Act 1920: A United States law that made passports generally necessary for citizens entering or leaving the country during peacetime. It helped establish passport requirements as a routine feature of international travel.
Electronic Travel Authorization: An advance digital permission required by some countries from visa-exempt travelers. A passport may be linked to this additional permission before a traveler boards or arrives.
Emergency travel document: A temporary document issued to enable urgent travel when a regular passport is unavailable. It provides a limited substitute when a passport is lost, stolen, or otherwise unobtainable.
Biometric passport: A passport containing an electronic chip that stores the holder’s identity data and biometric information. The chip allows automated comparison between the document and its holder.
League of Nations: An international organization founded after World War I to promote cooperation and prevent conflict. Its work helped standardize passport formats and travel documents across countries.

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