Patagonian toothfish

Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a large, slow-growing predatory fish found in subantarctic waters and parts of the Southern Ocean. It is closely related to Antarctic toothfish and is sold commercially as Chilean sea bass.

Antarctic toothfish: Dissostichus mawsoni is a large predatory fish of Antarctic waters and a close relative of Patagonian toothfish. This Southern Ocean relative is often confused with Patagonian toothfish but occupies colder, more southerly waters.
Chilean sea bass: Chilean sea bass is the commercial name commonly used for Patagonian toothfish in seafood markets. This market name made the species widely recognizable beyond fisheries science.
Deep-sea gigantism: Deep-sea gigantism is the tendency for some deep-sea animals to grow larger than related shallow-water species. Toothfish are large predators of deep and cold waters, though their size has multiple ecological causes.
Patagonian toothfish fishery: The Patagonian toothfish fishery harvests the species in subantarctic and Southern Ocean waters. Its catch levels and management determine direct pressure on toothfish populations.
Notothenioidei: Notothenioidei is a suborder of predominantly marine fishes that includes many Antarctic and subantarctic species. Patagonian toothfish belongs to this lineage of Southern Ocean fishes.
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: CCAMLR is an international organization that manages marine living resources in the Southern Ocean. It sets conservation and fishery rules across much of the toothfish's range.
Otolith: An otolith is a calcium-carbonate structure in a fish's inner ear used for balance and hearing. Otolith growth rings help estimate toothfish age and growth.
Seabird bycatch: Seabird bycatch is the unintended capture or killing of seabirds during fishing operations. Toothfish longlines can hook seabirds, prompting mitigation measures such as weighted lines.
Nototheniidae: Nototheniidae is a family of marine fishes within the suborder Notothenioidei. Toothfish are notothenioids, though their placement in a separate family is common in modern classifications.
Catch documentation scheme: A catch documentation scheme tracks fishery products through harvest, trade, and landing records. CCAMLR uses documentation to monitor toothfish catches and trade.

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