Paul Grice

Paul Grice (1913–1988) was a British philosopher whose work on speaker meaning, conversational implicature, and rational communication shaped modern philosophy of language and pragmatics.

Speaker meaning: Meaning a speaker intends to convey through an utterance, including meanings not encoded in its words. Grice analyzed communication through the intentions speakers make recognizable to hearers.
Cooperative principle: The assumption that conversational participants make contributions appropriate to the shared purpose or direction of an exchange. It supplies the broad expectation that lets Gricean inferences arise.
H. P. Grice: The name commonly used for British philosopher Herbert Paul Grice, especially in citations of his work. It is Grice’s standard scholarly name and identifies the author behind the theory.
Indirect speech act: An utterance whose intended action differs from the action conventionally associated with its sentence form. Gricean inference helps explain how a question can function as a request, for example.
Philosophy of language: The branch of philosophy that studies meaning, reference, truth, and the relation between language and reality. Grice’s work reshaped debates about meaning by making communicative intention central.
Conventional meaning: The meaning associated with linguistic expressions by the conventions of a language. Grice distinguished what an expression conventionally means from what a speaker means by using it.
Conversational implicature: An inferred meaning that a speaker communicates without stating it explicitly, given conversational context and expectations. This is the central phenomenon Grice explains through cooperative reasoning.
John Searle: An American philosopher known for work on speech acts, intentionality, and social reality. Searle developed influential accounts of speech acts and criticized aspects of Grice’s analysis of meaning.
Relevance theory: A theory of communication that explains interpretation through expectations of optimal relevance and cognitive effects. It revises Gricean accounts by giving relevance a more central explanatory role.
Ordinary-language philosophy: A philosophical approach that examines how ordinary language is used to clarify or dissolve philosophical problems. Grice both worked within this tradition and challenged some of its assumptions about meaning.

Linked from 2 pages