Paul R. Ehrlich

Paul R. Ehrlich is an American biologist and ecologist known for research on population dynamics, biodiversity, and the environmental effects of human population growth.

Anne H. Ehrlich: An American environmental scientist and writer who collaborated with Paul R. Ehrlich on population and conservation issues. She coauthored several of Ehrlich’s books and helped shape his public work.
Population ecology: The study of how populations change in size, structure, and distribution over time. Ehrlich’s research on population dynamics belongs to this broader field.
The Population Bomb: A 1968 book by Paul R. Ehrlich warning that rapid population growth could lead to widespread famine. This book made Ehrlich internationally known and became the focus of lasting controversy.
Environmental movement: A diverse social and political movement seeking to protect the natural environment and public health. Ehrlich’s popular writing contributed to public concern about population and ecological limits.
Demographic transition: The historical shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as societies change. Changing fertility patterns complicate forecasts that extrapolate population growth from present trends.
John Holdren: An American scientist and policymaker whose work addresses energy, environment, and population. Holdren collaborated with Ehrlich on influential analyses of population and environmental impact.
Biodiversity conservation: The protection and management of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystems. Ehrlich’s research and advocacy have focused extensively on preventing biodiversity loss.
I = PAT: A formula expressing environmental impact as the product of population, affluence, and technology. Ehrlich and John Holdren used this framework to describe interacting sources of environmental pressure.
Zero population growth: A condition in which births and immigration balance deaths and emigration, leaving population size stable. Ehrlich’s advocacy helped popularize this goal in debates about population pressure.
Ecological footprint: A measure of the biologically productive area needed to support a population’s resource use and absorb its waste. It offers one way to test claims about whether human demand exceeds ecological capacity.

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