Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping is the deployment of military, police, or civilian personnel to help maintain or restore peace in areas affected by conflict. It often relies on the consent of the parties and impartial conduct.

United Nations Security Council: The UN organ responsible for international peace and security, including authorizing peacekeeping operations. It establishes most UN peacekeeping mandates and defines their scope.
Ceasefire Monitoring: Observation and reporting on whether parties comply with an agreement to stop fighting. Monitoring can verify compliance and help prevent disputes from reigniting conflict.
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization: A UN observer mission established in 1948 to monitor armistice agreements in the Middle East. It is the UN's oldest peacekeeping operation and an early model for unarmed observation.
Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection: The study and practice of how peace operations prevent, deter, or respond to violence against civilians. Civilian-protection mandates have made mission performance a central measure of peacekeeping.
Peace Enforcement: Coercive military action authorized to restore peace without requiring the consent of conflict parties. Unlike traditional peacekeeping, peace enforcement may impose compliance through force.
Consent of the Parties: Agreement by conflict parties to an operation's presence and basic role. Consent has traditionally enabled peacekeepers to operate without becoming a party to the conflict.
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Programs that disarm combatants, disband armed groups, and support civilian reintegration. These programs help turn a ceasefire into a durable transition away from armed groups.
Suez Crisis: The 1956 international crisis caused by Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal and subsequent invasion. The crisis prompted creation of the first armed UN Emergency Force.
Rwandan Genocide: The 1994 genocide in which extremist forces and their allies murdered hundreds of thousands of people in Rwanda. The UN mission's inability to stop the killings exposed severe limits in mandate and political backing.
Peacemaking: Diplomatic action to bring hostile parties to agreement, especially through negotiation and mediation. Peacemaking seeks a settlement, while peacekeeping helps manage conditions around conflict and agreements.

Linked from 24 pages