Peat

Peat is partially decomposed plant matter accumulated in waterlogged conditions. It stores large amounts of carbon and is harvested for fuel and horticulture.

Anaerobic decomposition: The breakdown of organic matter by organisms in the absence of oxygen. Low oxygen in saturated peat soils limits the rate of decomposition.
Peat extraction: The removal of peat from wetlands for commercial or domestic use. Extraction exposes and drains deposits that accumulated over long periods.
Greenhouse gas emissions: The release of gases that trap heat in Earth's atmosphere. Drained peat oxidizes and releases stored carbon, while burning peat adds emissions.
Flow Country: A vast blanket bog region in northern Scotland, recognized for its peatlands and wildlife. Its deep peatlands exemplify the ecological significance of intact blanket bog.
Lignite: A low-rank brown coal formed from buried plant matter and used as a fossil fuel. Unlike peat, lignite is a coalified material formed through greater burial and geological alteration.
Sphagnum: A genus of mosses that can hold water and acidify its surroundings as it grows. Sphagnum commonly builds peat by producing persistent, water-retaining plant remains.
Peat fuel: Dried peat burned as a source of heat or energy. Peat's combustible organic matter has supplied household and industrial fuel.
Peatland restoration: Actions to recover the ecological functioning of degraded or drained peatlands. Rewetting can slow peat loss and support renewed carbon storage.
Indonesian peat swamp forests: Tropical forests growing on waterlogged peat deposits across Indonesia. Drainage and fires there have exposed the climate risks of tropical peat loss.
Compost: Decomposed organic material produced under managed conditions and used to enrich soil. Compost is generally more decomposed and produced with more oxygen than peat.

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