Pedagogy

Pedagogy is the theory and practice of teaching: the methods, principles, and relationships through which people support learning.

Scaffolding (education): Temporary instructional support that helps learners complete tasks they cannot yet manage independently. It shows how teachers can adjust support as learners gain competence.
Learning: A process through which experience, study, or instruction produces changes in knowledge, skill, or understanding. Pedagogy is organized around enabling and guiding this process.
Socratic method: A form of dialogue that uses probing questions to examine ideas and expose assumptions. It is an influential model of teaching through disciplined questioning rather than direct exposition.
Behaviorism: A psychological approach that explains behavior through observable actions and environmental contingencies. Behaviorist teaching emphasizes reinforcement and observable performance more than internal meaning-making.
Inclusive education: An approach that educates learners with diverse abilities and needs together while providing appropriate support. It tests whether teaching practices make participation possible across learner differences.
Formative assessment: Assessment used during learning to reveal understanding and guide next instructional steps. Its feedback loop lets teaching respond to evidence of learning.
Curriculum: A planned set of learning goals, content, experiences, and assessments for an educational program. It specifies what teaching is intended to help learners learn.
Confucius: A Chinese philosopher whose teachings shaped Confucian thought and educational traditions. His accounts of learning and moral cultivation influenced enduring approaches to education.
Constructivism: A family of theories holding that learners actively construct knowledge through experience and interpretation. It contrasts with views of teaching as transmitting finished knowledge.
Special education: Educational services and instruction designed to meet the needs of learners with disabilities. It applies pedagogical planning to individualized supports and learning goals.

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