Peng Dehuai

Peng Dehuai (1898–1974) was a Chinese Communist military commander and politician who served as defense minister. After criticizing the Great Leap Forward in 1959, he was removed from office and persecuted.

Mao Zedong: A Chinese Communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China and led it from 1949 until his death in 1976. Peng served under Mao and directly challenged his policies at the 1959 Lushan Conference.
Chinese Civil War: The conflict between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists that culminated in Communist victory in 1949. Peng became one of the Communists' leading commanders during this conflict.
Lushan Conference: A 1959 Chinese Communist Party meeting where leaders debated the Great Leap Forward and Peng Dehuai's criticism of it. Peng's private letter to Mao at this meeting triggered his removal from leadership.
Hundred Regiments Offensive: A major 1940 campaign in which Communist forces attacked Japanese-controlled railways and infrastructure in northern China. Peng commanded this large offensive, one of his most prominent operations against Japan.
Liu Shaoqi: A Chinese Communist leader who served as president of the People's Republic of China from 1959 to 1968. Liu later backed Peng's rehabilitation, though both were eventually persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.
Long March: The Chinese Communist Red Army's 1934–1935 retreat from southeastern China to the northwest. Peng commanded forces during the march, which helped establish his standing in the Communist movement.
Great Leap Forward: A Chinese campaign from 1958 to 1962 that sought rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization. Peng criticized its disastrous policies and reported famine and hardship to Mao.
Battle of the Triangle Hill: A major 1952 battle in the Korean War between Chinese and United Nations forces near the Korean front line. Peng was the senior Chinese commander during the Korean War, when this costly battle took place.
Lin Biao: A Chinese Communist military commander who became defense minister after Peng Dehuai's removal. Lin succeeded Peng as defense minister and later became a prominent political rival within Mao's leadership.
Chinese Communist Party: The political party that has governed the People's Republic of China since its founding in 1949. Peng's military and government career unfolded within the party's leadership and institutions.

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