Period 5 element

A chemical element in the fifth row of the periodic table, from rubidium through xenon. Its atoms fill the 5s, 4d, and 5p subshells across the row.

Periodic table: A tabular arrangement of chemical elements ordered by atomic number and recurring chemical properties. Its fifth row groups these elements by recurring valence-electron patterns.
5s orbital: An s atomic orbital in the fifth principal energy level. Rubidium and strontium begin the row by filling this subshell.
Niobium–tin: An intermetallic compound of niobium and tin that becomes superconducting below a critical temperature. It demonstrates a high-impact use of a period-5 transition metal in powerful magnets.
Period 4 element: A chemical element in the fourth row of the periodic table, from potassium to krypton. The preceding row ends before the 5s and 4d subshells begin filling.
Electron configuration: The distribution of an atom’s electrons among atomic orbitals and energy levels. Configurations across this row show the filling of 5s, 4d, and 5p orbitals.
4d subshell: The five d orbitals associated with the fourth principal energy level. The transition metals from yttrium through cadmium fill this subshell.
Palladium catalysis: The use of palladium compounds or surfaces to accelerate chemical reactions. Palladium enables widely used carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions.
Period 6 element: A chemical element in the sixth row of the periodic table, from cesium to radon. The next row includes the lanthanides and shows stronger heavy-element effects.
Aufbau principle: A model in which electrons occupy available atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy. It helps account for the broad subshell-filling pattern across the row.
5p subshell: The three p orbitals associated with the fifth principal energy level. Indium through xenon complete the row by filling these orbitals.

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