Periphrasis

Periphrasis is an expression that uses several words where a shorter, more direct one could serve. It can add emphasis, politeness, or stylistic effect.

Dysphemism: A deliberately harsh or disparaging expression substituted for a neutral or positive one. Unlike many periphrases, dysphemism sharpens rather than softens an expression.
Figure of speech: A nonliteral or rhetorically marked use of language that departs from ordinary expression. Periphrasis is commonly treated as a rhetorical figure.
Analytic language: A language that expresses grammatical relationships largely through separate words rather than inflection. Analytic languages often use multiword constructions where other languages use inflected forms.
Euphemism: A mild or indirect expression substituted for one considered harsh, offensive, or taboo. Periphrastic euphemisms can make sensitive subjects easier to mention.
Politeness: Socially shaped language and behavior that show consideration or respect for others. Indirect periphrases can make requests or references sound more considerate.
Synecdoche: A figure of speech in which a part represents a whole or a whole represents a part. Synecdoche substitutes by part–whole relation, not by expanding a phrase.
Grammaticalization: The historical process by which lexical words or constructions develop grammatical functions. Periphrastic constructions can develop into regular grammatical markers.
Taboo: A social prohibition against particular acts, objects, or forms of speech. Speech taboos encourage indirect expressions for restricted subjects.
Emphasis: Prominence given to an idea through wording, stress, placement, or repetition. A longer expression can draw attention to an idea that a shorter one leaves plain.
Metonymy: A figure of speech that names something through an associated concept. Metonymy relies on association rather than a longer paraphrastic expression.

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