Peritoneal stomata

Peritoneal stomata are microscopic openings between peritoneal mesothelial cells, especially on the diaphragm, that connect the abdominal cavity to underlying lymphatic channels.

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Diaphragmatic lymphatic lacunae: Expanded lymphatic spaces beneath the diaphragmatic peritoneum that collect fluid entering through stomata. They receive material passing through diaphragmatic peritoneal stomata.
Peritoneum: The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering most abdominal organs. Peritoneal stomata are openings in its mesothelial surface.
Peritoneal dialysis: A treatment that uses the peritoneal membrane to exchange water and solutes between blood and dialysis fluid. Peritoneal fluid transport and lymphatic removal influence dialysis performance.
Peritoneal carbon clearance: The uptake and lymphatic transport of injected carbon particles from the peritoneal cavity. Particle-tracking experiments demonstrate passage through diaphragmatic stomata.
Diaphragmatic lymphatics: Lymphatic vessels in the diaphragm that drain fluid and particles from its tissues and surfaces. They carry away material collected beneath the stomata.
Diaphragm: A dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities and driving respiration. Stomata are especially abundant in the peritoneum covering its underside.
Ascites: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Altered lymphatic removal through diaphragmatic pathways can contribute to fluid accumulation.
Lymphatic stomata: Microscopic openings connecting a mesothelial surface directly with underlying lymphatic spaces. Peritoneal stomata are a prominent example of this anatomical structure.
Peritoneal fluid: A small volume of lubricating fluid within the peritoneal cavity. Stomata provide an important route for its removal.
Serous membrane: A thin membrane that lines a body cavity and covers organs within it. The peritoneum is a serous membrane whose surface contains the stomata.