Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering most of its organs. Its folds support organs and provide pathways for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Parietal peritoneum: The portion of the peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and the underside of the diaphragm. It forms the outer boundary of the peritoneal cavity.
Greater omentum: A large apron-like peritoneal fold extending from the stomach over the intestines. It can adhere to inflamed areas and help contain infection.
Ascites: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It distends the cavity and may signal liver, cardiac, or malignant disease.
Retroperitoneal space: The anatomical space behind the parietal peritoneum that contains organs and structures outside the peritoneal cavity. Retroperitoneal organs lie behind the membrane rather than being suspended within its cavity.
Visceral peritoneum: The portion of the peritoneum covering the external surfaces of abdominal organs. It directly coats organs and continues into supporting folds.
Lesser omentum: A peritoneal fold connecting the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal duodenum. Its free edge encloses the portal triad and borders the omental foramen.
Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum, usually caused by infection or chemical irritation. Inflammation of this membrane can cause severe abdominal pain and systemic illness.
Intraperitoneal organ: An abdominal organ almost entirely covered by visceral peritoneum and typically suspended by a mesentery. Its relationship to the membrane contrasts with organs fixed behind it.
Peritoneal cavity: The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum. A thin film of fluid in this space lets the layers glide.
Peritoneal recess: A pocket or potential space formed by folds of the peritoneum. Recesses guide fluid and can become sites where bowel becomes trapped.

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