Knowra Peroxides Peroxides Peroxides are compounds containing an oxygen–oxygen single bond. Their chemical behavior ranges from stable salts to reactive oxidants, depending on their structure and surroundings.
Peroxide ion : The O₂²⁻ ion, in which two oxygen atoms share a single bond and each has oxidation state −1. This dianion defines inorganic peroxides such as sodium peroxide.
Homolysis : Bond cleavage in which each atom receives one electron from the shared pair. Homolytic O–O cleavage generates radicals that drive many peroxide reactions.
Bleaching : The chemical or physical removal of color from a material. Peroxide oxidants destroy or alter many color-producing molecules.
Oxide : A compound containing oxygen, usually with oxygen in oxidation state −2. Ordinary oxides lack the O–O bond that defines peroxides.
Hydrogen peroxide : The simplest peroxide, H₂O₂, used as an oxidant, disinfectant, and bleaching agent. It is the best-known molecular example of an O–O bond.
Free radical : An atom, molecule, or ion with an unpaired electron. Peroxide bond homolysis can produce highly reactive radical species.
Disinfection : The reduction of harmful microorganisms on surfaces or in materials, usually without eliminating all spores. Hydrogen peroxide is used to disinfect surfaces and equipment.
Superoxide : A compound containing the O₂⁻ ion, in which molecular oxygen has gained one electron. Superoxides contain an O–O bond but differ in charge and oxygen oxidation state.
Organic peroxide : An organic compound containing an O–O single bond, commonly in a peroxide or hydroperoxide group. Carbon-containing peroxides form a major structural family with distinct reaction pathways.
Radical chain reaction : A reaction sequence in which radicals propagate reactions through repeated initiation and propagation steps. Peroxides often start polymerization and oxidation chains by supplying radicals.
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