Pesticide resistance

Pesticide resistance is the inherited ability of a pest population to survive pesticide doses that once controlled it. It evolves when resistant individuals survive exposure and pass resistance traits to offspring.

Natural selection: The process by which heritable traits that improve survival or reproduction become more common in a population. Pesticide exposure favors resistant pests, increasing resistance traits across generations.
Insecticide resistance: The inherited ability of an insect population to survive insecticide doses that once controlled it. Insect pests illustrate resistance across agricultural, household, and public-health control.
Pesticide treadmill: A cycle in which pesticide use selects resistant pests, prompting increased use or replacement pesticides. Resistance can drive repeated escalation without delivering lasting control.
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee: An international organization that classifies insecticides by mode of action and supports resistance management. Its mode-of-action groups help coordinate monitoring and pesticide rotation.
Target-site resistance: Resistance caused by genetic changes to the biological molecule a pesticide is designed to disrupt. A changed target can prevent the pesticide from binding or disrupting its function.
Herbicide resistance: The inherited ability of a weed population to survive herbicide doses that once controlled it. Resistant weeds can persist despite repeated applications of the same herbicide.
Insecticide-treated bed net: A bed net treated with insecticide to reduce human exposure to disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Mosquito resistance can weaken an intervention used to prevent malaria.
Pesticide resistance monitoring: The systematic measurement of pest susceptibility to pesticides over time. Monitoring can detect changing susceptibility before control failure becomes widespread.
Metabolic resistance: Resistance caused by increased production or activity of enzymes that detoxify or break down a pesticide. Enhanced detoxification can neutralize a pesticide before it reaches its target.
Fungicide resistance: The inherited ability of a fungal population to survive fungicide doses that once controlled it. Plant pathogens can evolve resistance and make disease control less reliable.

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