Phan Đình Phùng

Phan Đình Phùng was a Vietnamese scholar and resistance leader who commanded an armed uprising against French colonial rule from 1885 until his death in 1895.

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Cần Vương movement: A Vietnamese royalist resistance movement against French colonial rule, launched in 1885 in support of Emperor Hàm Nghi. Its call to defend the monarchy became the political framework for Phan Đình Phùng’s uprising.
Hương Khê uprising: A major Cần Vương rebellion in central Vietnam led by Phan Đình Phùng from 1885 to 1895. This is the armed campaign through which he led resistance against French rule.
Phan Châu Trinh: A Vietnamese reformer who advocated political and social change through education and nonviolent reform rather than armed revolt. His later strategy offered a sharp alternative to Phan Đình Phùng’s military resistance.
Hoàng Hoa Thám: A Vietnamese resistance leader who fought French colonial forces in the Yên Thế region from the late nineteenth century into the early twentieth century. His resistance continued the armed struggle against French rule in a different region and period.
Hàm Nghi: Emperor of Vietnam from 1884 to 1885, who became a symbol of resistance after opposing French control. His appeal for resistance helped turn Phan Đình Phùng’s opposition into a Cần Vương campaign.
Cao Thắng: A Vietnamese military commander who served as Phan Đình Phùng’s key deputy during the Hương Khê uprising. He organized forces and arms production that strengthened the rebellion’s military capacity.
Phan Bội Châu: A Vietnamese nationalist who organized anti-colonial movements and sought foreign support for Vietnam’s independence in the early twentieth century. His generation inherited the problem of organizing resistance after the Cần Vương rebellions failed.
Đinh Công Tráng: A Vietnamese military leader who organized resistance at Ba Đình during the Cần Vương movement. His earlier campaign shows how regional leaders turned the royalist appeal into armed resistance.
Tôn Thất Thuyết: A Vietnamese court official who organized the 1885 attack on French forces in Huế and helped launch the Cần Vương movement. His actions precipitated the uprising that Phan Đình Phùng later led.
Hương Khê: A mountainous district in Hà Tĩnh province, central Vietnam, that became a stronghold of anti-French resistance. Its terrain and local networks supported the uprising’s base and operations.