Pharmaceutical excipient

A non-active ingredient in a medicine that supports its manufacture, stability, administration, or delivery. Excipients can affect how a dosage form behaves without providing its intended therapeutic effect.

Active pharmaceutical ingredient: The substance in a medicine responsible for its intended therapeutic effect. It contrasts with excipients, which support the medicine without supplying its intended therapeutic effect.
Tablet disintegrant: An excipient that helps a tablet break apart after contact with fluid. Disintegrants help expose tablet contents to fluid so dissolution can begin.
Lactose: A milk-derived disaccharide used in foods and pharmaceutical formulations. Lactose commonly serves as a diluent in solid dosage forms.
Pharmaceutical quality by design: A systematic approach to designing pharmaceutical products and processes to achieve predefined quality. Excipient properties and interactions are considered as formulation variables affecting product quality.
Pharmaceutical formulation: The design of a medicine’s composition and dosage form to achieve its intended performance. Excipients are selected as part of the formulation alongside the active ingredient.
Tablet binder: An excipient that helps particles adhere during tablet formation. Binders give tablets mechanical strength during manufacture and handling.
Microcrystalline cellulose: A purified, partially depolymerized cellulose used as a pharmaceutical excipient and food ingredient. It can act as a tablet filler and support compression.
Good manufacturing practice: A system of requirements for consistently producing and controlling products to defined quality standards. Excipient sourcing, handling, and testing must fit pharmaceutical manufacturing controls.
Dosage form: The physical form in which a medicine is produced and administered. An excipient’s function depends partly on whether the medicine is a tablet, liquid, injection, or another form.
Pharmaceutical lubricant: An excipient that reduces friction during pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially tablet compression. Lubricants help tablets release from dies and reduce manufacturing friction.

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