Phenotype

An organism’s observable characteristics, including physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Phenotypes arise through interactions between genetic makeup and environmental conditions.

Genotype–phenotype distinction: The distinction between an organism’s genetic constitution and its observable characteristics. Phenotype describes the expressed characteristics, not the underlying genetic constitution.
Trait (biology): A characteristic of an organism that can be described or measured. Phenotypes consist of traits, from visible features to physiological measurements.
Phenotyping: The systematic measurement and description of an organism’s observable characteristics. Phenotyping turns the broad idea of phenotype into recorded, comparable data.
Sickle cell disease: An inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin can distort red blood cells and damage tissues. Its clinical phenotype varies with genotype, environment, and medical care.
Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism, often described at one or more loci. Genotype is the inherited information whose expression helps shape phenotype.
Gene expression: The process by which information in a gene is used to produce a functional RNA or protein. Regulated gene activity helps determine which characteristics an organism develops.
Phenotypic variation: Differences in observable characteristics among individuals in a population. Variation is the population-level pattern formed by individual phenotypes.
Phenome: The complete set of phenotypic traits of an organism or population. The phenome gathers many individual phenotypes into a genome-scale counterpart.
Lactose intolerance: The inability to digest lactose efficiently because of low lactase activity after childhood. Its phenotype reflects genetic variation alongside developmental and dietary context.
Genome: The complete set of an organism’s genetic material. A genome describes genetic material, whereas phenotype describes observable characteristics.

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