Philip Johnson

Philip Johnson (1906–2005) was an American architect, critic, and museum curator who helped promote modern architecture and designed the Glass House.

International Style: An architectural style marked by geometric forms, minimal ornament, and modern materials such as steel and glass. Johnson helped introduce this style to American audiences through a landmark museum exhibition.
AT&T Building: A 1984 Manhattan skyscraper designed by Philip Johnson and John Burgee, known for its broken-pediment crown. Its historicizing top announced Johnson’s shift toward postmodern architecture.
John Burgee: An American architect who partnered with Philip Johnson on prominent projects from 1967 to 1991. Burgee co-designed many late-career buildings often publicly associated with Johnson.
Postmodern architecture: An architectural movement that reintroduced historical references, ornament, and irony after modernism’s dominance. Johnson’s later buildings became prominent examples of the movement he helped bring into view.
Modern Architecture: International Exhibition: A 1932 Museum of Modern Art exhibition that presented European and American modern architecture as the International Style. Johnson co-curated this exhibition, which helped establish a shared public vocabulary for modern architecture.
Museum of Modern Art: A New York City museum devoted to modern and contemporary art, design, architecture, and film. Johnson shaped its architecture program and helped establish its influential account of modern design.
Seagram Building: A 1958 New York skyscraper designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. Johnson collaborated with Mies on this influential corporate tower before developing a distinct style.
Henry-Russell Hitchcock: An American architectural historian who co-curated the 1932 Modern Architecture exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. Hitchcock and Johnson jointly shaped the exhibition and its account of the International Style.
Functionalism: An architectural principle that gives a building’s use primary influence over its form. Johnson’s later work often favored symbolic form and historical reference over strict functionalist restraint.
International Style (book): A 1932 book by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson that set out principles of the International Style. The book extended the exhibition’s argument and gave the style a durable label.

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