Knowra Philip Zimbardo Philip Zimbardo Philip Zimbardo is an American psychologist whose research examined social behavior, time perspective, and heroism. He is best known for the Stanford prison experiment, which he directed in 1971.
Stanford prison experiment : A 1971 study in which volunteers were assigned guard and prisoner roles in a simulated prison at Stanford University. Zimbardo directed this study, which ended after six days amid escalating distress and criticism.
Situationism : The view that behavior is strongly shaped by immediate social situations and environmental conditions. Zimbardo emphasized situational forces in explaining conduct during the prison study.
Craig Haney : An American social psychologist who collaborated on the Stanford prison experiment and later studied incarceration. Haney co-designed and co-authored the experiment with Zimbardo.
Stanford Time Perspective Inventory : A questionnaire developed to measure habitual orientations toward past, present, and future time. Zimbardo and John Boyd used it to operationalize their theory of time perspective.
Psychology of heroism : The study of the motives, social conditions, and actions associated with heroic behavior. Zimbardo helped bring heroism into psychological research and public education.
Stanford Prison Experiment controversy : The dispute over the Stanford prison experiment’s methods, interpretation, and evidentiary reliability. Later scrutiny challenged the claim that assigned roles alone produced participants’ behavior.
Person–situation debate : A debate over the relative influence of personality traits and social contexts on behavior. Zimbardo’s interpretation gave situations greater explanatory weight than stable personal dispositions.
Curtis Banks : A social psychologist who collaborated on the Stanford prison experiment while a graduate student at Stanford. Banks was the third co-author of the 1973 report on the experiment.
Time Perspective Therapy : A psychotherapy approach that works with a person’s past, present, and future time orientations. Zimbardo and Richard Sword developed this approach from time-perspective research.
Milgram experiment : A series of experiments by Stanley Milgram on obedience to perceived authority. Like Zimbardo’s study, it became a landmark and a source of debate about research ethics.
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